• Endless Possibilities v2.0 by Katherine Haxton

    Chemistry + Academic = Blog (Please note that the views in this blog are my own, original ramblings, and are not a reflection on any institution that I may be associated with.)

    • The Chemistry of Socks

      Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 16:52 UTC

      I bought socks as Christmas presents. I know, I’ve become ‘that person’ who gives socks at Christmas. It is still playing on my conscience a little: what an unimaginative gift. Yet, at the time, I felt I was investing in a kitsch Christmas dream.

      As it happens, the whole process of purchasing said socks was extremely irritating. It was hard to find socks that didn’t come laced with ‘antimicrobial technology’. Some of this antimicrobial (which is the-science-bit talk for ‘stops your socks smelling’)technology involves some quite interesting chemistry. Other examples of this antimicrobial technology involves quite a bit of plain bad science, in the name of marketing of course.

      I worked rather hard at Christmas to avoid socks with ‘Purista’ in them. This was because I didn’t know what it was. I was, after reading many packets, quite well versed in the supposed benefits of this technology, but I still didn’t know what it was. It turns out that Purista is based on a polymer, polyhexamethylene biguanidine that is both a fungicide and a microbiocide. Sounds great, just what you might want in socks. Or would you? Is this an example of clever marketing playing on the public’s fear of germs, bugs, bacteria and the like? This technology is attached to the fibers of the sock by hydrogen and strong electrostatic bonds and acts to kill bacteria by puncturing their cell walls. Most unpleasant for the bacteria. In theory, those strong bonds that attach the molecules to the sock fibers should be able to endure normal wear and wash cycles. I bet you never knew that socks had so much technology in them, did you?

      It all gets a little more complicated when we look at what else might be in our socks. Silver for example. Silver is known to have an antibacterial effect, indeed, many metals are. The problem with silver is that it is often made into micro- or nano- sized particles. There are concerns over nanoparticulate silver’s toxicity, and the impact that such substances have in the environment once the garments containing them are washed.

      You will be relieved to know that despite many studies probing the effects of silver nanoparticles in socks and the environment, we can be reassured that silver is ‘a naturally occurring element’ and socks treated with silver are ‘chemical free’. Of course, if its natural and chemical free, it must be OK. These are the claims of one such website peddling silver in socks.

      In the end I bought the socks that were free of antimicrobial stuff, preferring the ones made of natural (in the sense of being derived from plants or animals) fibers. Merino wool I believe. Snuggly.

      Refs:
      I found some information on Purista in a review article: Holme,I. Coloration Technology,2007, Vol 123, Iss 2, pg59 – 73, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2007.00064.x
      Information on the environmental issues surround silver can be found in an editorial and referenced articlees: Lubick, N. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, DOI: 10.1021/es8026314

      Last updated: Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 16:52 UTC

      • Comments

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 17:36 UTC
          Frank Norman said:

          I nearly always give books. Less need for antimicrobials with them (unless second hand of course).

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 17:46 UTC
          Caryn Shechtman said:

          Who knew there was so much to giving socks? I still like them as a gift:)

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 17:56 UTC
          Eva Amsen said:

          “socks treated with silver are chemical free.”

          But silver is a chemical, too. And the stuff the socks are made of!

          In undergrad (chemistry) some students noticed a label on Belgian beer that said it contained no chemicals. They wrote a letter to the company, explaining that water is a chemical, and alcohol, and everything else in the beer. The company changed the label and the new bottles said “contains only natural ingredients”.

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 18:26 UTC
          Cath Ennis said:

          My husband loves getting socks for Christmas. I’m happy to oblige as it’s my only chance to get him to throw out all the ones with holes in them.

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 19:24 UTC
          Katherine Haxton said:

          I should have put ‘chemical free’ in ’’ marks!

          I don’t mind socks either for Christmas – never remember to get new ones otherwise.

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 20:34 UTC
          Lee Turnpenny said:

          Just wash ’em!

          Seriously, it is marketing guff; the sort that deludes us into needing what we don’t want. It’s the footwear (shoes/boots) that’s the problem. Those charcoal odour-eaters are pretty effective.

          Now, if someone produces socks that can darn themselves…

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 22:23 UTC
          Maxine Clarke said:

          I love a perfect pair of socks, and would be delighted if anyone gave me a pair for a present. However, as a large-footed person, this is a challenge. I am a sixe 9 Uk, 42-43 Europe and 11 US. Outside the error bars of most UK shops. So mostly, the heels are half way down towards my toes. Especially in this weather, I could do with a lovely pair of soft, warm ones….

        • Date:
          Wednesday, 04 Feb 2009 - 22:43 UTC
          Henry Gee said:

          I, too, am a socks maniac. (Size 11 UK, 46 US). I do wonder whether a lot of these unusual (I hesitate to say ‘unnatural’ or ‘chemical’) additions go along with the fact that many socks these days are synthetic, or contain a high proportion of synthetics? I’d be willing to bet that you don’t get the same malodorosity with 100% wool socks. Could it be that wool contains oils that act as deterrents to the various whiffy microbiota? Just a thought.

          As Lee says, shoes are also a factor. I hate trainers because they always lead to pongiferous feet.

        • Date:
          Tuesday, 17 Feb 2009 - 21:30 UTC
          Jimmy Bailey said:

          I sell socks.

          www.baileyknit.com


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