Introduction

90 years back, an experiment conducted by Sir Arthur Eddington during the total solar eclipse of 29th May, 1919 turned the physics upside down. Experiment received worldwide media attention and replaced the Newtonian idea of absolute space and absolute time with Einstein’s relative space and relative time.

If we can show that we see the sun and the moon at the place they are then, the theory of relativity is invalidated conclusively.

An analysis of the total solar eclipse of 22.07.2009 shows that the position of the sun is not affected by the atmospheric refraction. The analysis also shows that we see the sun at the place it actually is and not at a place where it was 8 minutes 45 seconds back.

Discussion

The total solar eclipse is supposed to occur when the center of the mass of the sun, the moon, and the earth are in one line.

The apparent position of the sun is affected by the time light takes to reach us as well as by the atmospheric refraction. Depending on the time of the day, the combined effect of the two phenomenon can make the sun appear above or lower than its actual position. Since we can see the sun only when our eyes absorb the photons emitted by the sun therefore if full sun is visible from any location on the earth then we have to assume that photons from all visible points of the sun reach that location.

Light takes about 8 minutes 45 seconds to reach us from the sun to the earth during the total solar eclipse. Sun and moon move about 2.18 degrees in the sky (15 degrees in one hour) in 8 min. 44 seconds. We shall also remember that in 8.44 seconds, the moon moves 0.0074 degrees in its orbit and earth moves 0.0055 degrees in its orbit.

The moon stays outside the atmosphere of the earth and therefore the light reaching the moon is not affected by the atmospheric refraction of the earth.

We have to take all these factors into consideration while analyzing the total solar eclipse.

Let us first explore the possibility of occurrence of the total solar eclipse as per the current mechanism.

Total solar eclipse on 22.07.2009 at Indore

Let us first ensure that we have to absorb the photons to be able to see the light.

All of us have seen lightening and we also know the path the lightening follows and the place it strikes at. Therefore, as per current theory, anyone staying outside the line of the lightening shall not see it but as we know, any observer on whose line-of-sight lightening flashes and moves, can see the lightening. If our eyes were required to absorb these photons then we must lose our eyesight permanently.

Similarly, sitting in a dark room, we can see plenty of light outside the room even when light source like a search light is pointing in opposite direction. If these photons have to reach us within the room then our room shall light just because we are observing the light outside the room. If current theory were to be true then our elecricity requirement can be reduced considerably.

If we need to absorb a photon (light particle) to be able to see it, then more than one observer cannot see a single photon. However, our experiments show that more than one photon detectors placed at different locations can simultaneously detect a single photon. Obviously, two or more photon detectors cannot absorb a single photon which means even photon detectors can sense a photon without absorbing it.

If we were required to absorb the photon to be able to see it then we can see the photon only at one place and can never detect the motion of any photon because photon must disappear as soon as we notice it.

Double-slit experiment is one of the most beautiful and one of the most important experiments of physics. As we know, alternate dark and light bands are formed in the experiment due to destructive and constructive interference of light.

The quantum of light reaching the dark bands is substantially less than the quantum of light reaching the light bands. If we extend the experiment and make a hole each in the light band as well as in the dark band and peep through these holes then we find no difference in the two views except because of the change in the angle. If our vision requires us to absorb the photons then we will find huge difference in the two views as substantially less number of photons reach the dark band.

Obviously, we need not absorb a photon to be able to see it.

Now, let us begin our analysis of the total solar eclipse and confirm these observation.

Let us assume that a total solar eclipse takes place immediately after the sunrise when sun is visible to us but it actually is below the horizon. At the time of the sunrise, sun appears to be above the horizon when it actually is below the horizon by slightly more than its own apparent size.

Since, there is a difference in the apparent and actual position of the sun, we have to determine the position of the moon that may cause total solar eclipse.

We need to explore three possibilities to determine the effect of atmospheric refraction on the position of the sun and the moon.

Total solar eclipse cannot occur when the sun and the moon come in a straight line because the apparent sun is only a projection of the actual sun and moon will not be able to block the light coming from actual sun.

Second possibility is that moon comes in between the actual sun and the earth but position of the sun is affected by the atmospheric refraction. In this case, the dark moon will appear at one location (since there will be no light coming from the moon therefore there will be no refraction) and the sun will disappear on top of it but totality will be visible behind the moon. Moreover, the first stream of photons after the totality will get refracted and hence after the totality, the first appearance of the sun shall be slightly above the moon and not be on top of the moon.

The third possibility is that the apparent position of the moon as well as sun both are affected by the refraction but we have to rule out this possibility instantly because we do not see the moon at all, the apparent moon is visible because of the absence of information and as no light reaches us from the moon therefore there cannot be any ghost moon.

There is no possibility of the occurrence of the total solar eclipse if the apparent position and the actual position of the sun were to be different. Since we do observe the totality, hence we can conclude that atmospheric refraction does not affect the apparent size, position, or the shape of the sun.

Light does refract when it changes the medium and since we do not see the effect of the refraction on the position of the sun therefore it is quite apparent that we need not absorb the photons emitted by the sun to be able to see it. This observation is confirmed from following analysis,

We already know that we see the totality exactly at the time it actually occurs and not 8 minutes 45 seconds after it actually occurs. Moreover, since the moon and earth are not static objects and as light takes 8 minutes 44 seconds to reach the moon therefore the light leaving the top of the sun when it is actually right behind the moon shall miss the moon and shall reach us therefore totality shall never occur esp. when earth, moon, and sun are in one line.

The light from the center point of the sun shall reach us almost 2.5 seconds earlier than the light from its farthest edge. If a reference object like moon is available then this difference shall manifest and distort the shape of the sun as sun shall overlap the moon when the moon covers just half of the sun. However, we know that sun’s shape is not distorted at any time during any solar eclipse.

It is quite obvious that we are not required to absorb the photons emitted by a light source or the photons reflected off an object to be able to see the object. We can see the light at the place it is produced.

The observation that we can see the light at the place it is generated and that we need not absorb a photon to be able to see it is more important than the observation that apparent position of the sun is not affected by the refraction.

The entire mechanism through which we used to explain the total solar eclipse has collapsed and with it has collapsed several of our well-established theories.

Then, how do we explain the occurrence of the total solar eclipse?

The above analysis shows that the apparent position of the sun is its actual position.

This is why, our prediction about the exact time of occurrence of solar eclipse and even the time of the totality is correct even though present causal explanation is not correct.

Conclusion

We can see the light without having to absorb it. Our eyes are sensors and not receptors and hence we can see the events as they occur. Since we can see the sun and the moon at the place they actually are, we can also see any event occurring simultaneously at the sun and the moon at the moment they occur. There is no failure of simultaneity and therefore information can be communicated instantly.

This analysis shows that our understanding of the mechanism of our sense of sight is not correct.

More importantly, it shows that information can be communicated instantly and therefore the theory of relativity is conclusively invalidated.

A more detailed analysis with images can be downloaded from download section by clicking here