As evident, plants develop and function in a complex environment, made manifestly more complicated and subtle by the presence of a vast array of soil organisms and its composition in which plants grow. Since roots are in contact with a diverse microflora in the soil, they have also evolved sophisticated symbiotic relationships such as the legume – Rhizobium and micorrhizal associations. Study of such a complex system and its translated properties into useful chemical structures has provided revealing informations about the biosynthetic pathways whereas study of in vitro root culture has shown bright prospects for obtaining unique bioactive chemicals for near futur following emerging nanoscience leading to bionanotechnology. Should there be a call for reviewing already established biosynthetic pathways for a new beginning?