The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute awarded The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2008 with one half to: Harald zur Hausen (German scientist) for his discovery of “human papilloma viruses” causing cervical cancer and the other half jointly to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier (French scientists) for their discovery of “human immunodeficiency virus.” But unfortunately, Robert Gallo did not get the credit for the discovery of HIV.