Following the milestone book of Trevathan (1999) Evolutionary Medicine , “Evolutionary medicine takes the view that many contemporary sociale, psychological, and physical ills are related to incompatiibility between the lifestyles and environments in which humans currently live and the conditions under which human biology evolved”.
I would add a personal view: medicine should be considered as a part of global evolutionary biology in which medicine action is interested in what some may judge as “anti-evolutive” action. In few words, why do we intend to save beings that could survive otherwise ?
In answering this question, we may make the evolutionary field “evolve”.

Some publications about this topic:

McCallum 2007 Does Medicine without Evolution Make Sense? PLoS Biology

Salvaudon 2007 Genotype-specific interactions and the trade-off between host and parasite fitness BMC Evolutionary Biology

Zimmer 2003 Darwinian Vaccines Science

Zimmer 2003 Taming Pathogens: An Elegant Idea, But Does It Work? Science