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wikipedia: Translation is the second process of protein biosynthesis (part of the overall process of gene expression). Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the ribosomes are located. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide according to the rules specified by the genetic code. This is the process that converts an mRNA sequence into a chain of amino acids that form a protein. Translation is necessarily preceded by transcription. Translation proceeds in four phases: activation, initiation, elongation and termination (all describing the growth of the amino acid chain, or polypeptide that is the product of translation).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_%28genetics%29

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Lindenbaum Pierre

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polya translation initiation elongation termination protein rna mrna pabp synthesis expression ribosome factors eif